Ese CNC ikora ihendutse kumiterere igoye Ultimate guide 2022

Muri iyi ngingo, dushingiye ku shingiro ryimashini, tuzerekana ingingo yibice bikoresha imashini zihenze cyane abatangiye gukora imashini bakunda kugwa.

CNC gusya

Reka nkubwire igice ushobora gukora ibintu bihendutse mugukata.Iyo utekereje gutunganya, ushobora kuba ufite ishusho yibice byose bikabije, bidafite ingufu mubicuruzwa byinganda, ariko mubyukuri, urashobora gukora muburyo butandukanye, nko kugoreka hejuru.

CNC Ibice

Iki gihe, tuzamenyekanisha "imiterere itangaje" mugihe dutangiza inzira yo kumenya imiterere igoye mugukata hamwe na mudasobwa igezweho.

NC itunganya iki?

Nubwo byavuzwe inshuro nyinshi, gukata ni inzira aho uruziga ruzunguruka rukanda ku kintu kiri munzira yagenwe kugirango gisibe kandi gikureho ibice bitari ngombwa.

　None "inzira yagenywe" isobanura iki?

Nasize imvugo idasobanutse kugeza ubu, ariko ni igice cyingenzi cyane cyo guca, bityo nzabisobanura muburyo burambuye.

Reka dushyire ku ruhande ibikoresho rusange byimashini zikoreshwa "zikoreshwa nintoki" nkibikoresho rusange byo gusya kugeza ubu, hanyuma tuvuge kubyitwa ibikoresho byitwa "byikora-byikora" ibikoresho bya NC nkibikoresho byo gusya NC hamwe n’ibigo bikora imashini.

Muri izo mashini, ibyuma bikata ibikoresho byimurwa nururimi rwamabwiriza kuri mashini.Iyo winjije itegeko "Himura urusyo rwanyuma kuriyi myanya" mumashini, imashini ihita yimuka ukurikije itegeko.Umwanya wurusyo rwanyuma ugaragazwa na buri mubare wumubare wa X, Y na Z. Gukoresha amafaranga yimura indangagaciro​​ukurikije gahunda.

Gukata NC ni iki?

Ubwoko butandukanye bwa NC gusya

“NC” mu gusya kwa NC bisobanura “Kugenzura Umubare”.”X” ni “icyerekezo gitambitse”, “Y” ni “icyerekezo n'inyuma”, naho “Z” ni “icyerekezo gihagaritse”.Mugukomeza kwinjiza "umwanya ukurikira wo kwimuka", birashoboka kwimura urusyo rwanyuma ushushanya umurongo woroshye hamwe ninzira zoroshye.

Ibinyuranye, imashini ikora gusa ukurikije amabwiriza yinjiza.Imiterere yanyuma iterwa ninjiza gahunda ya NC.Mbere yiterambere rya mudasobwa, birasa nkaho gahunda za NC zashyizweho kashe kuri kaseti zidasanzwe hanyuma zinyuzwa mumashini yo kuzisoma.Ibi bisa nkimpamvu ituma abanyabukorikori b'inararibonye bavuga gahunda za NC nka “kaseti.”

Porogaramu ya NC kumpapuro zidasanzwe

Kugeza ubu, dukora gahunda za NC nkamakuru ya mudasobwa.Porogaramu ya NC ibitswe nkamakuru yibuka imashini, kandi mugihe uyisoma umurongo kumurongo nkamabwiriza, ikora ukurikije ibikubiye mumabwiriza.

Iboneza rya gahunda ya NC

Porogaramu ya NC ahanini ifite iboneza rusange kubikoresho byose byimashini."Igice kigenzura urujya n'uruza rw'imashini" nka "G code" cyangwa "M code" izunguruka uruziga cyangwa ihindura umuvuduko wo kugenda, hamwe na "end mill tip tip position" nka X, Y, Z ihuza agaciro. igizwe no guhuza igice gitanga itegeko agaciro.

Gukata bigezweho ukoresheje mudasobwa: CAD / CAM

Porogaramu yoroshye ya NC nka "gutobora umwobo" cyangwa "kwimura icyuma kumurongo ugororotse" irashobora gushirwaho byoroshye, ariko gahunda za NC zigoye nka "guca hejuru igoramye" bisaba ubwonko bwa injeniyeri.Irenze urwego rwo gutekereza no kwandika intoki.

Sisitemu yitwa CAD / CAM iza gukina mubihe nkibi.”CAD / CAM.

Kugeza ubu, muburyo buke, CAD bivuga software ikora ibishushanyo na moderi ya 3D kuri mudasobwa, naho CAM bivuga software ikoraGahunda ya NCukoresheje amakuru ya CAD.Ndetse no gukora progaramu ya NC igoye bisaba ubufasha bwa mudasobwa.Porogaramu zimwe zifite imikorere ya CAD na CAM, kandi hariho na software ifite imikorere yigenga.

Menya uburyo bukwiye bwo Gukora

CAD yashyizwe ahagaragara kuburyo burambuye kurubuga rutandukanye, hano rero nzabisobanura muburyo burambuye kubyerekeye CAM, abayishushanya ntibakunze kubimenya.Muri gahunda yo kurema gahunda ya NC ukoresheje CAM, birakenewe kumenya inzira ikwiye, ubwoko bwurusyo rwanyuma, hamwe nuburyo bwo gutunganya ibintu bishingiye kumiterere n'imiterere y'akazi, hanyuma ukabinjiza nkamakuru.

Hano hari amahitamo atabarika ashobora gufatwa bitewe nibikoresho nuburyo imiterere yibintu, gahunda yo gushiraho, nibindi. Ni ubuhe bwoko bw'imiterere yo gukora buterwa ahanini n'uburambe n'ubwenge bwa injeniyeri.

Kurugero, hari inzira nyinshi zo gutunganya ibikoresho.Irashobora gufatanyirizwa hamwe na mashini isobanutse neza, igashyirwaho neza na jig, igashyirwaho na screw, nibindi. Hariho amahitamo atandukanye ukurikije imiterere nibikorwa.Igomba gushyirwaho ukurikije uburyo bwose nubwoko bwurusyo rwanyuma hanyuma bigahinduka muri gahunda za NC.

Gukoresha Imashini Zirangiza mugukata Ubuso bugoramye

Hariho ubwoko butandukanye bwurusyo rwanyuma, nkurusyo rwumupira wumupira ukwiranye no guca hejuru yuhetamye hamwe nu mpande zegeranye, urusyo rwanyuma rukwiranye no guca ibice bigororotse, hamwe nimyitozo yo gucukura umwobo.

ubwoko butandukanye bwurusyo

Buri bwoko bugabanijwemo imiterere itandukanye nka diameter, umubare wibyuma, nuburebure bukomeye bwicyuma.Shiraho uburyo bwo gutunganya nuburyo bwokogutunganyaibisabwa kugirango ukoreshe kuri buri ruganda.

Ndetse urusyo rwanyuma ntirugarukira kubwoko bumwe bwo gushiraho.Ahubwo, ntibisanzwe gukoresha ubwoko bwinshi.Noneho ibipimo byo gushiraho biba binini.

Ni ubuhe buryo bwo gutunganya ibintu bidahenze?

Imiterere yimashini zirimo umubare wizunguruka rya spindle, umuvuduko wo kugenda, nubunini bwibintu bigomba kuvaho.Hariho uburyo bwiza bwo guhuza bitewe nurusyo rwanyuma, ibintu, nibikoresho.Ikibazo nuburyo bwo kubona uburyo bwiza bwo guhuza, kwirinda kwambara urusyo rwanyuma, no kugabanya igihe cyo gukora.

Umu injeniyeri mwiza wa NC utunganya porogaramu ya NC mugihe gito gishoboka mugihe cyo kugabanya gitera kuganira.Mugihe uzirikanye ibisabwa byasabwe nuwakoze blade hamwe nubunararibonye bwanjye, nashizeho ishusho ya reta yo gutunganya mumutwe wanjye.

Iyo ntekereje amajwi n'ibinyeganyega byo kubaza mu mutwe, ndatekereza ibintu nka, “Iyi miterere irihuta cyane,” cyangwa “Ndibaza niba nshobora guca kure cyane.”Nibice bigize ubunyamwuga.Ihuriro ryibikorwa na gahunda za NC birashobora kugabanya igihe cyo gutunganya igice cyangwa kimwe cya kane.

Noneho, reka turebe ingero zimwe zuburyo CAD / CAM ishobora gukoreshwa mugukora gahunda za NC ubundi bidashoboka no gukora imiterere igoye kuruta uko wabitekereza.

Uhagarariye imashini 5-axis: impeller

Urugero rusanzwe rwigice gishobora kugerwaho gusa nicyo bita icyarimwe icyarimwe 5-axis ni "impeller" ikoreshwa mumashanyarazi ya turbocharger.

Hatariho CAD / CAM, gahunda ya NC yo guca ibice bigoye byiyi moteri ntibishoboka.Ni ukubera ko imeze nkibibyimba byo munsi.

Icyarimwe 5-axis gutunganya birashobora kugerwaho gusa nuburyo bugoye bwimiterere yubuso bwameza (A-axis, B-axis) ibikoresho byashyizwemo hamwe ninsyo zanyuma (X, Y, Z) zahujwe hamwe.

Igishushanyo cya none: Kwerekana 3D

Igihe cyose ufite moderi ya 3D, urashobora guhita utanga amakuru ya NC yo guca ishusho hamwe na CAM.Kubwibyo, birashoboka kumenya imiterere yose uko ari itatu, harimo ibishusho nkibishusho.Nibyo, birakenewe gusuzuma inguni R na undercut natangije kugeza ubu.

Imiterere irashobora kubyara ubudahemuka kuri moderi ya 3D.Bamwe mubakiriya bacu batekereza guca inyuguti zizwi mugukora no kuzigurisha nkibintu bihebuje.

Kora akazi ko gutema kurushaho!

Ibice byimashini biza muburyo butandukanye bitewe nibisabwa, ariko nubwo imiterere yaba igoye gute, irashobora gutunganywa mugihe cyose imfuruka R na undercut byitaweho.

Urashobora gutekereza ko gukina aribwo buryo bwiza bwo kubyara-kubyara imiterere igoye, ariko hari ibyiza byinshi byo gutunganya.Porosity, ikunda kuba ikibazo mugukina, irashobora kwirindwa, kandi kubera ko nta mpamvu yo gukora ibishushanyo, ibiciro byambere birashobora kugabanuka, kandi kubitanga birashobora kugabanywa.

Incamake

Nakwishima uramutse ukomeje gukoresha gukoresha guca mu mutwe ndetse no mubice byakozwe cyane.Igiciro cyose gitangaje ni gito, kandi hari ninyungu zo kuba ushobora gusubiza byoroshye guhinduka.

Turizera ko iyi ngingo izagufasha kumva ko umenyereye gutunganya no kwagura igishushanyo cyawe.