Kodi CNC ikupanga zotsika mtengo pamawonekedwe ovuta Ultimate Guide 2022

M'nkhaniyi, potengera zofunikira za makina, tidzafotokozera mfundo zazitsulo zotsika mtengo zomwe opanga makina oyambira amayamba kugweramo.

CNC mphero kukhomerera

Ndiroleni ndikuuzeni za gawo lomwe mungathe kuchita zinthu zotsika mtengo podula.Mukamaganizira za makina, mutha kukhala ndi chithunzi cha zinthu zonse zokhotakhota, zopanga zinthu zamafakitale, koma kwenikweni, mutha kupanga mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana, monga kupotoza malo opindika.

CNC Machining magawo

Nthawi ino, tikuwonetsa "mawonekedwe odabwitsa" osiyanasiyana pomwe tikuyambitsa njira yodziwira mawonekedwe ovuta podula ndikuwongolera makompyuta.

Kodi NC processing ndi chiyani?

Ngakhale kuti zatchulidwa nthawi zambiri, kudula ndi njira yomwe tsamba lozungulira limakanizidwa ndi chinthu chomwe chili panjira yokhazikika kuti chichotse ndikuchotsa ziwalo zosafunika.

　Ndiye kodi "panjira yokhazikika" imatanthauza chiyani?

Ndasiya mawuwa osamveka mpaka pano, koma ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri la kudula, kotero ndikufotokozera mwatsatanetsatane.

Tiyeni tiyike pambali zida zamakina zanthawi zonse zomwe "zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamanja" monga odulira mphero zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zonse, ndikulankhula za zida zamakina za "NC zoyendetsedwa ndi makina" monga odulira mphero ndi malo opangira makina.

M'makina oterowo, masamba omwe amadula zinthu amasunthidwa ndi chilankhulo cholamula kupita ku makinawo.Mukalowetsa lamulo lakuti "Sungani mphero ku malo awa" mu makina, makinawo amayenda motsatira lamulo.Malo a mphero yomalizira amasonyezedwa ndi nambala iliyonse ya X, Y ndi Z. Machining amapitirira posuntha izi.pamalinga ndi pulogalamu.

Kodi NC milling cutter ndi chiyani?

Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya NC mphero wodula

"NC" mu NC milling cutter imayimira "Numerical Control".”X” ndi “njira yopingasa”, “Y” ndi “njira yakumbuyo ndi mtsogolo”, ndipo “Z” ndi “njira yolunjika”.Mwa kulowetsa mosalekeza "malo otsatira kuti musunthe", ndizotheka kusuntha mphero pojambula ma curve osalala ndi ma trajectories ovuta.

Mosiyana ndi zimenezo, makinawo amagwira ntchito motsatira malangizo olowera.Mawonekedwe omaliza amadalira pulogalamu ya NC yolowetsa.Makompyuta asanayambe kupangidwa, zikuwoneka kuti mapulogalamu a NC adasindikizidwa pa matepi apadera a mapepala ndikudutsa pamakina kuti awerenge.Izi zikuwoneka kuti ndichifukwa chake akatswiri akale amatcha mapulogalamu a NC ngati "matepi."

Mapulogalamu a NC pa matepi apadera a mapepala

Pakadali pano, timagwiritsa ntchito mapulogalamu a NC ngati ma data apakompyuta.Pulogalamu ya NC imasungidwa ngati deta mu kukumbukira kwa makina, ndipo powerenga mzere ndi mzere monga malangizo, imagwira ntchito molingana ndi zomwe zili mu malangizowo.

Kukonzekera kwa NC Program

Pulogalamu ya NC imakhala ndi masinthidwe wamba a chida chilichonse cha makina."Gawo lomwe limayang'anira kayendetsedwe ka makina" monga "G code" kapena "M code" yomwe imazungulira spindle kapena kusintha liwiro la kayendedwe, ndi "mapeto nsonga ya mphero" monga X, Y, Z ikugwirizanitsa. imakhala ndi kuphatikiza kwa gawo lomwe limapereka mtengo wamalamulo.

Kudula kwamakono pogwiritsa ntchito makompyuta: CAD/CAM

Mapulogalamu osavuta a NC monga "kubowola dzenje" kapena "kungosuntha tsamba molunjika" amatha kupangidwa mosavuta, koma mapulogalamu ovuta a NC monga "kudula malo opindika" amafuna ubongo wa injiniya.Zimapitirira mlingo wa kulingalira ndi kulemba ndi manja.

Dongosolo lotchedwa CAD/CAM limalowa muzochitika zotere.”CAD/CAM” ndi “Computer Aided Design” ndi “Computer Aided Manufacturing”, choncho kwenikweni ndi mawu otanthauza “kupanga ndi kupanga pogwiritsa ntchito makompyuta”.

Pakadali pano, pang'onopang'ono, CAD imatanthawuza mapulogalamu omwe amapanga zojambula ndi zitsanzo za 3D pakompyuta, ndipo CAM imatanthawuza mapulogalamu omwe amapanga.Mapulogalamu a NCpogwiritsa ntchito CAD data.Ngakhale kupanga mapulogalamu ovuta a NC kumafuna thandizo la makompyuta.Mapulogalamu ena ali ndi ntchito za CAD ndi CAM, ndipo palinso mapulogalamu omwe ali ndi ntchito zodziimira.

Dziwani Njira Yoyenera ya Machining

CAD yafotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane pamasamba osiyanasiyana, kotero apa ndikufotokozera mwatsatanetsatane za CAM, zomwe opanga sadziwa nthawi zambiri.Pakupanga pulogalamu ya NC pogwiritsa ntchito CAM, ndikofunikira kudziwa njira yoyenera, mtundu wa mphero, ndi makina opangira zinthu potengera zinthu ndi mawonekedwe a workpiece, ndikulowetsamo ngati chidziwitso.

Pali zosankha zambiri zomwe zingatengedwe kutengera zakuthupi ndi mawonekedwe azinthu, dongosolo la kukhazikitsidwa, ndi zina. Zokonda zotani zomwe mungapange zimadalira kwambiri zomwe zidachitika komanso malingaliro a injiniya.

Mwachitsanzo, pali njira zambiri zokonzera zipangizo.Ikhoza kumangirizidwa ndi makina olondola, okonzedwa mwachindunji ndi jig, okonzedwa ndi screw, etc. Pali zosankha zosiyanasiyana malinga ndi mawonekedwe ndi ndondomeko.Iyenera kukhazikitsidwa molingana ndi kukhazikitsidwa ndi mitundu yonse ya mphero ndikusinthidwa kukhala mapulogalamu a NC.

Kugwiritsa Ntchito Ma End Mills mu Kudula Malo Opindika

Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mphero, monga mphero zomaliza za mpira zomwe zili zoyenera kudula malo okhotakhota okhala ndi malekezero ozungulira, mphero zosalala zomwe zili zoyenera kudula molunjika, ndi kubowola mabowo.

mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mphero

Mtundu uliwonse umagawidwa m'mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana monga m'mimba mwake, chiwerengero cha masamba, ndi kutalika kwake kwa tsamba.Khazikitsani mtundu wa njira ya makina ndi mtundu wanjimakinazinthu zoti ntchito iliyonse mapeto mphero.

Ngakhale mphero zotsirizira sizimangokhala mtundu umodzi pakupanga kumodzi.M'malo mwake, si zachilendo kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yambirimbiri.Ndiye magawo kukhazikitsa kukhala chachikulu.

Kodi makina opangira zida zotsika mtengo ndi zotani?

Mikhalidwe ya Machining imaphatikizapo kuchuluka kwa kuzungulira kwa spindle, kuthamanga kwa kayendedwe, ndi kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe ziyenera kuchotsedwa.Pali kuphatikiza koyenera kutengera mawonekedwe a mphero, zinthu, ndi zinthu zakuthupi.Funso ndi momwe mungapangire kuphatikiza koyenera, kupewa kuvala kwa mphero yomaliza, ndikufupikitsa nthawi yopanga makina.

Katswiri wabwino kwambiri wokonza NC amapanga pulogalamu ya NC munthawi yaifupi kwambiri pansi pamikhalidwe yodula yomwe imayambitsa macheza.Ndikaganizira zomwe adalimbikitsa wopanga tsamba komanso zomwe ndakumana nazo m'mbuyomu, ndidayika chithunzi chazomwe zikuchitika m'mutu mwanga.

Ndikaganizira kaphokoso ndi kunjenjemera kwa chosema m’mutu mwanga, ndimalingalira zinthu monga, “Mkhalidwe uwu wafulumira kwambiri,” kapena “Ndimadabwa ngati ndingadutse mozama.”Ndi chimodzimodzi gawo la ukatswiri.Kuphatikizika kwa njira ndi mapulogalamu a NC kumatha kudula nthawi yopangira theka kapena kotala.

Tsopano, tiyeni tiwone zitsanzo za momwe CAD/CAM ingagwiritsire ntchito kupanga mapulogalamu a NC omwe mwina sakanatheka ndikupanga mawonekedwe ovuta kwambiri kuposa momwe mungaganizire.

Woimira 5-axis Machining: impeller

Chitsanzo cha gawo lomwe lingathe kupezedwa ndi zomwe zimatchedwa nthawi imodzi 5-axis Machining ndi "impeller" yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito mu turbocharger zamagalimoto.

Popanda CAD/CAM, pulogalamu ya NC yodula magawo ovuta kwambiri a choyikapochi sichikadatheka.Ndi chifukwa chakuti amapangidwa ngati chotupa cha undercut.

Makina opangira ma 5-axis nthawi imodzi amatha kutheka ndi mayendedwe ovuta a tebulo pamwamba (A-axis, B-axis) pomwe zinthuzo zimayikidwa ndi mphero zomaliza (X, Y, Z) zolumikizidwa palimodzi.

Zojambula Zamakono: 3D Modelling

Malingana ngati muli ndi 3D model, mutha kupanga semi-automatically NC data yodula mawonekedwe ndi CAM.Chifukwa chake, ndizotheka kuzindikira mawonekedwe onse amitundu itatu, kuphatikiza ziboliboli monga ziboliboli ndi ziwerengero.Zachidziwikire, ndikofunikira kulingalira ngodya ya R ndi njira yochepetsera yomwe ndayambitsa mpaka pano.

Chojambulacho chikhoza kupangidwanso mokhulupirika ku chitsanzo cha 3D.Ena mwamakasitomala athu akuganiza zodula anthu otchuka powapanga ndikuwagulitsa ngati zinthu zapamwamba kwambiri.

Pangani ntchito yodula kukhala yodziwika bwino!

Ziwalo zamakina zimabwera m'mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana kutengera momwe zimagwiritsidwira ntchito, koma ziribe kanthu momwe mawonekedwewo angakhalire ovuta, amatha kupangidwa malinga ngati ngodya ya R ndi undercut imasamalidwa.

Mutha kuganiza kuti kuponyera ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yopangira mawonekedwe ovuta kwambiri, koma pali zabwino zambiri pamakina.Porosity, yomwe imakhala yovuta poponya, imatha kupewedwa, ndipo popeza palibe chifukwa chopangira nkhungu, ndalama zoyamba zimatha kuchepetsedwa, ndipo kubereka kumatha kufupikitsidwa.

Chidule

Ndingakhale wokondwa ngati mungakumbukire kugwiritsa ntchito kudula ngakhale pazigawo zopangidwa mochuluka.Ndalama zonse ndizochepa modabwitsa, ndipo palinso ubwino wokhoza kuyankha momasuka pakusintha kwapangidwe.

Tikukhulupirira kuti nkhaniyi ikuthandizani kuti muzitha kudziwa bwino makina komanso kukulitsa mawonekedwe anu apangidwe.