Gutunganya insanganyamatsiko: Ikintu cyose ukeneye kumenya

Amakuru agezweho: 09/06 Igihe cyo gusoma: iminota 8

Insanganyamatsiko ni ibice byuzuza icyuho cyo guhuza no guhuza muguteranya ibice kugirango hongerwe imbaraga nigihe kirekire cyibicuruzwa byanyuma mu nganda zikora inganda ku isi, zishingiye cyane cyane ku guhuza no guhuza ibice kugirango habeho ibicuruzwa byanyuma.

Utudodo nu mpande zihoraho zometse kuri silindrike na conical hejuru ikoreshwa mubukanishi hamwe nibicuruzwa.Ukurikije porogaramu, insanganyamatsiko zakozwe hejuru yimbere cyangwa hanze.Urudodo rwakozwe ku gishishwa cyo hanze ruzwi nkurudodo rwo hanze, mugihe urudodo rwimbere rwitwa urudodo rwimbere.Kumashini, hariho uburyo butatu, Gusya, gutunganya urudodo hamwe na mashini ya lathe, no gupfa,

Ubwoko bw'insanganyamatsiko

Hariho ubwoko butandukanye bwurudodo, nkurudodo rwumwanya, imashini yimashini, imashini ya Lag, Imashini yo kwikuramo, Kumugozi, Kumugozi, Gukora imigozi, hamwe nubwoko U.Muri ibyo bifunga, imigozi itandukanijwe hamwe nu mashini ya screw imashini ikoreshwa muburyo bwo gukora inganda.Na none, ukurikije sisitemu ihuriweho na sisitemu ihuriweho, NC (coarse) na UNF (Nziza) insanganyamatsiko nicyiciro gisanzwe.

Hano reka tuganire kumutwe wimbere ninyuma muri make.

Imbere

Urudodo ruzenguruka imbere rwihuta, nkumutobe, rwitwa urudodo rwimbere.Imbere yimbere (Umugore) gutunganya bikorwa hamwe nigikoresho cyihariye cyo guhuza iminwa.Ibinyuranyo, insinga zimwe zimbere zaciwe nigikoresho gakondo kizwi nkumugozi-kanda.Urudodo rwimbere rwemera screw hanyuma uyifungire mukazi.

Hitamo igikoresho gifite ingano yizina ikwiye yo gutunganya urudodo rwimbere hanyuma ukosore umwobo wa diameter aho uzakora insanganyamatsiko kumurongo wanyuma-ukoresha.

Mugihe cyo gukora izi nsanganyamatsiko hamweImashini ya CNC, insanganyamatsiko nyayo igomba gukurwa mubishushanyo bya CAD, hasigara gusa umwirondoro wa diameter.Koresha isano yatanzwe kugirango ubare diameter yo gukanda;

Diameter yumwobo wibanze = Kanda diameter - Ikibaho

Cyangwa, 

Kanda diameter = Umuyoboro wa diameter + Ikibaho.

Shakisha hagati hanyuma ucukure umwobo nka diameter yabanje kubarwa, hanyuma ukande ku mwobo ukoresheje igikoresho cya robine na chamfer hamwe na dogere 90.Noneho uzenguruke mu mwobo wibanze kugirango ukore insanganyamatsiko zikomeza.

Imitwe yo hanze

Urudodo rugoramye hanze yumutwe wihuta, nka bolt.Lathe ni imashini ikora neza kandi ikoreshwa cyane mugukora insanganyamatsiko zo hanze kumurimo.Inkoni iyo ari yo yose ishobora guhindurwa yemerewe gukora imyirondoro yo hanze.Urashobora guhitamo igikoresho ukurikije ubujyakuzimu busabwa.

Gukata urudodo rwo hanze bitangirana nududodo dupfa (kuzenguruka-gupfa) no gufatisha imashini ya lathe.Impande zigomba kubanza gutangwa na chamfer kuri dogere 45.Noneho kora kumurimo wakazi ukoresheje igikoresho cyo gukata mbere yo kuzenguruka uburebure bwacyo kugirango ukore urudodo rukomeza.

Imbere & Inyuma

Amagambo akoreshwa mumutwe

Amagambo akoreshwa mumutwe

Imizi:Imitwe ibiri ishobora guhindurwa ikora igorofa iringaniye cyangwa izengurutse hepfo, cyangwa hejuru yubuso bwurudodo ruzwi nkumuzi.

Crest:Ubuso bwinyuma bwurudodo bugizwe nimpande ebyiri zurudodo (igice cyateganijwe cyurudodo)

Uruhande:Ubuso buhuza urudodo rwumuzi nigitereko kandi rugakora guhuza na mugenzi wacyo.

Inguni y'insanganyamatsiko:Inguni ikorwa n'impande ebyiri zegeranye z'udodo tubiri mu ndege ya axial yitwa inguni.

Ubujyakuzimu:Intera ya axial hagati yigitereko numuzi bizwi nkuburebure bwurudodo.

Ikibanza:Intera iri hagati yinyuzi ebyiri zisa

Inguni ya Helix:Inguni hagati ya helix yumurongo numurongo usanzwe kumurongo wo kuzunguruka

Diameter nkuru:Diameter ya silindari yibitekerezo ya co-axial ikora kumurongo wurudodo rwo hanze (cyangwa umuzi cyangwa umugozi wimbere)

Diameter nto: Diameter ya silindari yibitekerezo ya co-axial ikora kumuzi yumutwe winyuma (cyangwa igikonjo cyimbere)

Ikibanza cya Diameter:impuzandengo ya diameter nini na ntoya

Uburyo bwo guca umugozi

Gukata insanganyamatsiko byoroha gukora amahuza yagabanijwe kubigize.Niba ukatiye imigozi y'imbere, menya neza ko ishobora gushiramo no gufunga mugenzi wayo mugihe ukora ihuza.

Guhitamo uburyo bwiza bwo guca insanganyamatsiko ni ngombwa;ibintu byinshi bigomba gusuzumwa, nka tekiniki, ubukungu, gukoresha igihe, ukuri, hamwe nibikoresho bihari.

1.          Gusya

Gusyairashobora gukoreshwa mugukata insanganyamatsiko kumutwe wimbere ninyuma.Ikoresha uruziga rwibikoresho byurudodo kugirango rutange urudodo muruziga rumwe rwuruhande.Ubu buryo bukoreshwa mugukata insinga zingana, ariko nibyiza bikwiranye nu mwobo munini.Insanganyamatsiko zakozwe hamwe no gusya zikora ahejuru hejurukandi byuzuye.

Gutunganya insanganyamatsiko hamwe no gusya 

Mu gusya urudodo, hari ubwoko bubiri bwibikoresho byiza kandi bizwi: karbide ikomeye kandi yerekana.Ibi bikoresho byo guca amenyo birasa aho gushyirwaho nka kanda.Imashini yinyo yinyo myinshi ikata urudodo murwego rwimbitse murwego rumwe ruzengurutse umwobo.Kuberako ibikoresho byerekanwa mubisanzwe bidakwiriye kubyobo bifite diameter iri munsi ya santimetero 0,625, ibikoresho bya karbide bikoreshwa cyane cyane mubunini buke;icyakora, guhuza hamwe niki gikoresho birahenze niba bidasobanutse neza.Igikoresho cyerekanwe ntigiciro gihenze kuko ukeneye gusimbuza icyuma nyuma yo kugura kimwe.

Hariho inyungu nyinshi zo gukoresha insyo.Bitandukanye no gukanda, bishobora gukemura diameter zitandukanye hamwe nigikoresho kimwe, gukanda birashobora gukora gusa diameter ihamye hamwe nigikoresho kimwe, kandi kanda nini ya diameter nayo ihenze.

2.          Imashini Imashini hamwe na Lathe

Igikoresho kimwe cyo guhinduranya hamwe na karbide yinjizwamo ikoreshwa mugukata.Mbere yo gukomeza gukata, kubara bimwe birasabwa guca umugozi hamwe na mashini ya lathe, nkibibanza, isasu, ubujyakuzimu, hamwe na diameter nini.

Igikoresho cyo gukanda nuburyo bwiza cyane bwo gukanda imashini ya lathe.Ariko, igihangano kigomba kubanza gufatirwa mumutwe.

Gutunganya insanganyamatsiko hamwe na Lathe

·     Shiraho urudodo-bito n'uburebure kuri point point ya Lathe.Igikoresho bito bigomba kuba kumurongo wiburyo wakazi.

·     Zana igikoresho cyo gutondekanya bito hafi yakazi.

·   Noneho, Himura ikiganza.Kurugero, niba ushaka kubyara insinga zifite ikibanza cya mm 1, igikoresho cyo gutondeka kigomba kwimuka intera ya mm 1 nkuko igihangano cyuzuza impinduramatwara imwe.Komeza rero.

3.          Gupfa

Gupfa-gutema insinga 

Nuburyo butaziguye kandi buhendutse bwo guca umugozi ushobora gukoreshwa mubikorwa byinshi bidasaba urwego rwo hejuru rwukuri kandi rwiza.Urudodo rupfa kurema urudodo rwo hanze rujyanye nimbere yimbere.

Mbere yo gukomeza gukata umugozi hamwe no gupfa, uruhande rwa mbere rwurupapuro rwakazi rugomba gutondekwa kuri dogere 45, rushobora gukorwa nimashini cyangwa intoki.Noneho, nyamuneka hitamo diameter ikwiye ipfa hanyuma uyizirikane mu rupfu nyuma yo gushyira ipfa kuruhande-rwanyuma, rushobora kuzunguruka byoroshye muburebure kugirango ukore insinga.

Gupfa gupfunyika bikoreshwa cyane mubikorwa byo gukora ibyuma ninganda zo gusana insinga mumyobo cyangwa ibisate.Imitwe ikozwe nimpfu yongerera imbaraga nigihe kirekire mugihe igabanya ibiciro byibikoresho kuko ibisigara bike byicyuma biba ubusa mugihe cyibikorwa.

Inama zingenzi zo gushushanya

·        Menya neza ko ubuso bwakazi bumeze kimwe muburebure bwabwo mbere yo gukomeza gukata.

·     Gukora insinga zo hanze, shyira impande zanyuma kuruhande rwa dogere 45 mbere yo gukata.Countersink irakenewe kumpera yumutwe wimbere.

·        Niba nta bisabwa byihariye kubisabwa bizaza, nibyiza gushushanya insanganyamatsiko ifite uburebure buke n'ubunini busanzwe.

·        Ubunini bwurudodo bugomba guhitamo kugirango bushobore guhangana nigitutu mugihe cyo guhuza.

Ubuso-kurangiza kumutwe

Imitwe ifite ubuso burangije

Nyuma yo gukora hamwe no gutunganya, kurangiza hejuru yinsanganyamatsiko ningirakamaro kubwimpamvu zuburanga, bitezimbere imikorere yibicuruzwa muri rusange, kandi byongerera ubuzima.Byongeye kandi, nuburyo bwiza bwo kwirinda kwangirika no kwangirika hejuru bityo ukirinda kunanirwa guhuza imashini.

Gushushanya noumukarakurangiza nuburyo bubiri bwingirakamaro kubuso burangije kumutwe.Ariko, irangi ntirizomara igihe kinini ugereranije na okiside yumukara irangiye.

Umukara-oxyde irarangira

Nubusanzwe ni microscopique layer ya magnetite (Fe3O4) itwikiriye ubuso bwurudodo.Kuberako umubyimba wumukara-oxyde utagira agaciro, ntabwo bigira ingaruka kumurongo uhamye, ibishushanyo mbonera, cyangwa imitungo.Kuri oxyde yumukara irangiye, igice cyudodo twimashini cyinjijwe mumuti wumunyu wa alkaline mubushyuhe bukwiye (130 kugeza 150 0C).

Ibikurikira nintambwe zo gukurikiza umukara-oxyde kurangiza insanganyamatsiko.

• 1.     Ukoresheje igisubizo cyamazi ya alkaline, sukura insinga (mubice).
• 2.     Isuku ako kanya n'amazi yatoboye kuko ibisubizo bya alkaline birashobora kwitwara hejuru yumutwe kandi bigatesha agaciro ubuso bwibanze.
• 3.     Ongera usukure n'amazi kugirango ubuze aside.
• 4.     Shira insinga mumuti utetse wa alkaline muminota 5 kugeza 45.
• 5.     Ukoresheje indege y'amazi, sukura n'amazi akanda hanyuma ushire kuruhande kugirango wumuke.
• 6.     Kunoza imitwe irwanya ruswa hamwe nubwiza bwubwiza, koresha ibishashara, amavuta, lacquer, cyangwa ibindi bikoresho bya kabiri.
• 7.     Noneho icyiciro cyinsanganyamatsiko cyiteguye kubigenewe porogaramu.

Umwanzuro

Gutunganya insanganyamatsiko ninzira yingenzi mubikorwa.Kubwibyo, guhitamo uburyo bukwiye bwo gutunganya birakomeye.Igomba kuba ikurikije amaherezo-yo gukoresha, kuboneka tekinike, hamwe nubukungu bushoboka.Birashobora kuba bitoroshye, ariko ntibishobora kwirengagizwa.

Urashobora kugisha inama abahanga mubuhanga bwo gutondekanya kuva kubishushanyo kugeza kurangiza.Dufite itsinda ry'inararibonye rya ba injeniyeri bazagufasha mu gukora insanganyamatsiko.Dutanga serivise zo gutunganya urudodo ruva mubuhanga bwose, Gusya, gutunganya urudodo hamwe na mashini ya lathe, no guca-gupfa, hafi ibyo ukeneye byose kumutwe.Noneho, niba ukeneye serivisi iyo ari yo yose ifitanye isano, nyamuneka ntutindiganye twandikire.

Ibibazo

Kuki gutunganya urudodo bifite akamaro mubikorwa?

Gutunganya insanganyamatsiko nimwe muburyo bukomeye bwo gukora igice kimwe.Imitwe irasabwa guhuza uburyo butandukanye nibice byibicuruzwa.Ikomeza ingingo no guhuza ibice byinshi hamwe nuburyo bworoshye.

Nubuhe buryo bukunzwe bwo gutunganya insinga?

Imashini, imashini ya Lathe, kandi ipfa nubuhanga bukunzwe kandi bufatika bwo gutunganya imigozi munganda zikora.

Nubuhe buryo bwiza bwo gutunganya urudodo?

Biterwa nibintu bitandukanye nkubunini bwurudodo, ubwoko bwa porogaramu, kuboneka kwa tekiniki, ubukungu bushoboka, nibisabwa byukuri.

Ubuso burangiza nibyingenzi kumutwe?

Nibyo, Nibyingenzi gukumira ingese no kongera igihe kirekire cyihuza hamwe nubwiza bwiza.