Kupititsa patsogolo Mapangidwe a Zigawo Zachitsulo - Mapepala Apangidwe Azitsulo

Kupititsa patsogolo Mapangidwe a Zigawo Zachitsulo - Mapepala Apangidwe Azitsulo

Nthawi yowerengera: Mphindi 9, masekondi 48.

Popanga magawo azinthu, ndikofunikira kuganizira zosavuta kupanga.Yesetsani kulingalira njira zopangira kuti zikhale zosavuta kuzikonza, komanso kusunga zinthu, ndi kuwonjezera mphamvu popanda zidutswa.Chotsatira chake, okonza ayenera kulabadira zinthu zotsatirazi zopanga

Kuthekera kwa magawo achitsulo kumatanthauza kuchuluka kwa zovuta kudula, kupindika ndi kutambasula kwa zigawozo.Ndondomeko yabwino iyenera kuonetsetsakugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zochepa, njira zocheperako, kapangidwe kosavuta ka nkhungu, moyo wautali komanso kukhazikika kwazinthu.Ambiri, chikoka kwambiri pa processability mbali pepala zitsulo ntchito zinthu, mbali geometric, kukula ndi zolondola zofunika.

Momwe mungaganizire mozama zofunikira ndi mawonekedwe a kachitidwe kameneka popanga mapangidwe azitsulo zazitsulo zopyapyala, malangizo angapo apangidwe akulimbikitsidwa apa.

1 malangizo osavuta a geometry

Chosavuta mawonekedwe a geometric a malo odulira, osavuta komanso osavuta kudula, njira yochepetsera, komanso yochepetsera voliyumu yodula.Mwachitsanzo,mzere wowongoka ndi wosavuta kuposa wokhotakhota, bwalo ndi losavuta kuposa ellipse ndi ma curve ena apamwamba, ndipo mawonekedwe okhazikika amakhala osavuta kuposa mawonekedwe osakhazikika.(onani Chithunzi 1).

(a) Mapangidwe osamveka (b) Mapangidwe abwino

(Chithunzi 1)

Mapangidwe a mkuyu 2a amamveka bwino pokhapokha ngati voliyumuyo ndi yaikulu;apo ayi, pokhomerera, kudula kumakhala kovuta;choncho, dongosolo lomwe likuwonetsedwa mu Fig.2b ndiloyenera kupanga voliyumu yaying'ono.

(a) Mapangidwe osamveka (b) Mapangidwe abwino

(Chithunzi 2)

2 Chitsogozo chopulumutsira zinthu (chitsogozo chosinthira nkhonya ndi kudula magawo)

Kusunga zopangira kumatanthauza kuchepetsa mtengo wopangira.Zing'onozing'ono zodulidwa nthawi zambiri zimatayidwa ngati zinyalala, kotero pamapangidwe a mapepala opyapyala,zodulidwa ziyenera kuchepetsedwa.Kukaniza nkhonya kumachepetsedwa kuti muchepetse zinyalala zakuthupi.Makamaka mu kuchuluka kwa zigawo zikuluzikulu pansi pa zinthu zotsatira ndi yofunika, kuchepetsa off-mabala m'njira zotsatirazi:

1) Chepetsani mtunda pakati pa mamembala awiri oyandikana (onani Chithunzi 3).

(a) Mapangidwe osamveka (b) Mapangidwe abwino

(Chithunzi 3)

2) Kukonzekera mwaluso (onani mkuyu 4).

(a) Mapangidwe osamveka (b) Mapangidwe abwino

(Chithunzi 4)

3) Kuchotsa zinthu pa ndege zazikulu pazinthu zazing'ono

(a) Mapangidwe osamveka (b) Mapangidwe abwino

(Chithunzi 5)

3 Malangizo okwanira olimba mphamvu

1) m'mphepete mwake ndi beveled m'mphepete ayenera kupewa malo opindika

(Chithunzi 6)

2) ngati mtunda pakati pa mabowo awiriwo ndi wochepa kwambiri, pali kuthekera kwa kusweka panthawi yodula.

Mapangidwe akubowola pa mbali kuyenera kuganiziridwa kuti kusiya mtunda woyenera m'mphepete mwa dzenje ndi katayanitsidwe dzenje kupewa kukhomerera ming'alu.Mtunda wocheperako pakati pa m'mphepete mwa dzenje lobowola ndi mawonekedwe a gawolo ndi malire ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana a gawolo ndi dzenje.Pamene m'mphepete mwa dzenje kukhomerera si kufanana m'mphepete mwa mawonekedwe gawo, mtunda osachepera sayenera kuchepera pa zinthu makulidwe T;pamene ikufanana, sayenera kuchepera 1.5 t.Mtunda wocheperako m'mphepete mwa dzenje ndi katalikirana ka dzenje zikuwonetsedwa patebulo.

(Chithunzi 7)

Thedzenje lozungulira ndilolimba kwambiri komanso losavuta kupanga ndi kukonza, ndipo kutsegulira kwake kumakhala kochepa.Bowo lalikulu limakhala ndi kutsegulira kwakukulu, koma chifukwa ndi ngodya ya 90 degree, m'mphepete mwa ngodya ndi yosavuta kutha ndikugwa, zomwe zimapangitsa nkhungu kukonzedwa ndikuyimitsa mzere wopanga.Ndipo bowo la hexagonal lomwe limatsegula ngodya yake ya digirii 120 kuposa madigiri 90 kuposa bowo lalikulu lomwe limatseguka molimba, koma kutsegulira m'mphepete kuposa dzenjelo ndikocheperako pang'ono.

3) ma slats owonda ndi aatali okhala ndi kuuma kochepa amakhalanso osavuta kupanga ming'alu podula, makamaka kuvala kwambiri pa chida.

Kuzama ndi m'lifupi mwa gawo lotulukapo kapena lopumira, nthawi zambiri, liyenera kukhala losachepera 1.5t (t ndiye makulidwe azinthu), komanso kuyenera kupewa kudulidwa kwapang'onopang'ono komanso kwakutali kokhala ndi timipata topapatiza kwambiri kuti tiwonjezeke. mphamvu ya m'mphepete mwa gawo lolingana la kufa.Onani Chithunzi (8).

Pakuti ambiri zitsulo A ≥ 1.5t;kwa aloyi zitsulo A ≥ 2t;kwa mkuwa, zotayidwa A ≥ 1.2t;t - makulidwe a zinthu.

Chithunzi(8)

4 Malangizo okhomerera odalirika

Chithunzi 9a chikuwonetsedwa mutheka-zozungulira tangent kapangidwe kukhomerera processing ndi kovuta.Chifukwa pamafunika kudziwa molondola malo achibale pakati pa chida ndi workpiece.Kuyeza kolondola kwa malo sikungotengera nthawi, koma chofunikira kwambiri, chida chomwe chimatha kuvala ndikuyika zolakwika, kulondola nthawi zambiri sikufika pazofunikira zotere.Kapangidwe kotereko kakapatuka pang'ono kuchokera pamakina, mtundu wake ndizovuta kutsimikizira ndipo mawonekedwe odulira ndi osauka.Chifukwa chake, mawonekedwe omwe akuwonetsedwa mu Chithunzi 9b akuyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito, omwe angatsimikizire kudalirika kwa nkhonya.

(a) Mapangidwe osamveka (b) Mapangidwe abwino

(Chithunzi 9)

5 Pewani malangizo a mpeni womata (makonzedwe a magawo olowera)

Pakati pa chigawo kukhomerera ndi kudula adzaoneka vuto la chida ndi chigawo chomangira mtanda zolimba.Yankho:(1) kusiya malo otsetsereka;(2) kudula pamwamba kulumikizidwa(onani Chithunzi 10 ndi Chithunzi 11).

(a) Maonekedwe opanda nzeru (b) Mapangidwe abwino (a) Mapangidwe osamveka (b) Mapangidwe abwino

(Chithunzi 10) (Chithunzi 11)

Pamene chilolo amapangidwa mu ndondomeko ndi kukhomerera ndi kudula njira mu 90 ° kupinda m'mphepete, kusankha zipangizo ayenera kulabadira zakuthupi sayenera kukhala zovuta, apo ayi n'zosavuta kuthyoka pa ngodya bwino.Ayenera kupangidwa m'malo opindika m'mphepete mwake kuti apewe kusweka pakona ya khola.

(Chithunzi 12)

6 yopindika m'mphepete ofukula maupangiri odulira pamwamba

Mapepala mu kudula ndondomeko pambuyo ambiri zina kupanga ndondomeko, monga kupinda.Kupindika m'mphepete kuyenera kukhala kozungulira pamtunda wodulira, apo ayi chiwopsezo chophwanyidwa pamphambano chimakwera..Ngati zofunikira zoyimirira sizingakwaniritsidwe chifukwa cha zoletsa zina,malo odulidwa ndi mphambano ya m'mphepete mwake ayenera kupangidwira ngodya yozungulira, utali wozungulira womwe umakhala waukulu kuposa kuwirikiza kambiri kwa mbale.

7 Malangizo opindika mofatsa

Kupinda kotsetsereka kumafuna zida zapadera, komanso mtengo wokwera.Kuonjezera apo, malo opindika ochepa kwambiri amatha kusweka ndi makwinya mkati mwa nkhope (onani Chithunzi 13 ndi Chithunzi 14).

(a) Mapangidwe osamveka (b) Mapangidwe abwino

(Chithunzi 13)

(a) Mapangidwe osamveka (b) Mapangidwe abwino

(Chithunzi 14)

8Malangizo opewera timizere tating'ono tozungulira

M'mphepete mwa zigawo woonda mbale zambiri adagulung'undisa m'mphepete kapangidwe, amene ali angapo ubwino.(1) kulimbitsa kuuma;(2) pewani mbali zakuthwa;(3) wokongola.Komabe, adagulung'undisa m'mphepete ayenera kulabadira mfundo ziwiri, imodzi ndi utali wozungulira ayenera kukhala wamkulu kuposa 1.5 nthawi makulidwe a mbale;yachiwiri si yozungulira kwathunthu, kotero kuti kukonza kumakhala kovuta, Chithunzi 15b chikuwonetsa m'mphepete mwake kuposa m'mphepete mwake mosavuta kukonza.

(a) Mapangidwe osamveka (b) Mapangidwe abwino

(Chithunzi 15)

9 M'mphepete mwake osapindika malangizo

Kupindika m'mphepete ndi m'mphepete mwa dzenje kuti asiyanitsidwe ndi mtunda wina, mtengo wovomerezeka ndi utali wopindika kuphatikiza kawiri makulidwe a khoma.Malo opindika amakhala ovuta chifukwa cha mphamvu ya mphamvu, ndipo mphamvu imakhala yochepa.Ma notch a dzenje lolowera sayeneranso kuchotsedwa m'derali.Bowo lonse la slot kutali ndi m'mphepete mwake, komanso dzenje lolowera m'mphepete mwake (onani Chithunzi 16).

(a) Mapangidwe osamveka (b) Mapangidwe abwino

(Chithunzi 16)

10 Malangizo ophatikizira ophatikizika ophatikizika

Mapangidwe a danga ndi ovuta kwambiri, mwa kupindika kupanga kumakhala kovuta.Chifukwa chake,yesetsani kupanga mapangidwe mophweka momwe mungathere, pazochitika zopanda zovuta, zomwe zilipo kuphatikiza zigawo zikuluzikulu, ndiko kuti, zigawo zingapo zosavuta za mbale zowonda ndi kuwotcherera, kutsekemera ndi njira zina zophatikizira pamodzi.Kapangidwe ka mkuyu 20b ndi kosavuta kukonza kusiyana ndi kamangidwe ka mkuyu 17a.

(a) Mapangidwe osamveka (b) Mapangidwe abwino

(Chithunzi 17)

11 Pewani mizere yowongoka kuti mudutse malangizo azinthu

Kapangidwe ka mbale zopyapyala zimakhala ndi vuto la kuuma kopindika kosasunthika.Large lathyathyathya dongosolo ndi zosavuta kupinda kusakhazikika.Komanso adzapindika fracture.Nthawi zambiri gwiritsani ntchito pressure groove kuti muwongolere kuuma kwake.Kukonzekera kwa groove kumakhudza kwambiri zotsatira za kuwongolera kuuma.Mfundo yofunikira pakukonza ma groove ndikupewa kudutsa m'derali popanda mipope.The yopapatiza gulu la otsika stiffness kudzera mosavuta kukhala olamulira inertia wa lonse mbale buckling kusakhazikika.Kusakhazikika nthawi zonse kumazungulira kuzungulira kwa inertia, chifukwa chake, makonzedwe a groove oponderezedwa ayenera kudula mbali iyi ya inertia ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale yaifupi momwe ingathere.M'mapangidwe omwe akuwonetsedwa mu Chithunzi 18a, mizere yopapatiza ingapo imapangidwa m'derali popanda mipata yokakamiza.Pansi pa nkhwangwa izi, kuuma kwa mbale yonse sikukuyenda bwino.Kapangidwe kamene kakuwonetsedwa mumkuyu 18b alibe mphamvu yolumikizira nkhwangwa zosokoneza, ndipo chithunzi 19 chikuwonetsa mawonekedwe a groove wamba ndi makonzedwe, ndi kuuma kwamphamvu kumakulirakulira kuchokera kumanzere kupita kumanja, ndipo kusakhazikika bwino ndi njira yabwino yopewera molunjika. .

(a) Mapangidwe osamveka (b) Mapangidwe abwino

(Chithunzi 18)

(Chithunzi 19)

12 Malangizo a kachitidwe ka pressure groove continuity

Mphamvu ya kutopa kwa mapeto a groove yopanikizika ndi yofooka, ndipo ngati mtsinje wopanikizika ukugwirizana, gawo la mapeto ake lidzathetsedwa.Chithunzi 20 ndi bokosi la batri pagalimoto, limakhala ndi katundu wosunthika, Chithunzi 20a kamangidwe kameneka mumkokomo wopondera kumapeto kwa kutopa.Kapangidwe ka chithunzi 20b alibe vuto ili.Malekezero otsetsereka amayenera kupewedwa ndipo, ngati kuli kotheka, mtsinjewo uwonjezeke mpaka kumalire (onani Chithunzi 21).Kulowa kwa groove yokakamiza kumathetsa mapeto ofooka.Komabe, mphambano ya mipata yokakamiza iyenera kukhala yayikulu mokwanira kuti kuyanjana pakati pa mipata kuchepe (onani Chithunzi 22).

(a) Mapangidwe osamveka (b) Mapangidwe abwino

(Chithunzi 20)

(a) Mapangidwe osamveka (b) Mapangidwe abwino

(Chithunzi 21)

(a) Mapangidwe osamveka (b) Mapangidwe abwino

(Chithunzi 22)

13 Mulingo wapakati wapakatikati

Kusasunthika kwa mapangidwe a malo sikumangokhalira ku mbali ina, choncho, kuika groove yokakamiza pa ndege imodzi sikungathe kukwaniritsa zotsatira zowonjezera mphamvu yotsutsa-destabilization ya dongosolo lonse.Mwachitsanzo, muzomangamanga za U- ndi Z zomwe zikuwonetsedwa mu Chithunzi 23, kusakhazikika kwawo kudzachitika pafupi ndi m'mphepete.Njira yothetsera vutoli ndi kupanga poyambira kuthamanga ngati danga (onani mkuyu 23b.)

(a) Mapangidwe osamveka (b) Mapangidwe abwino

(Chithunzi 23)

14 Njira yochepetsera pang'ono

Makwinya amapezeka pamene kupunduka pang'ono kumalepheretsa kwambiri mbale yopyapyala.Njira yothetsera vutoli ndikukhazikitsa timizere tating'ono tating'ono tambiri pafupi ndi mphukira, kuti muchepetse kuuma kwanuko ndikuchepetsa kutsekeka (onani Chithunzi 24).

(a) Mapangidwe osamveka (b) Mapangidwe abwino

(Chithunzi24)

15 Malangizo a kasinthidwe a magawo okhomerera

1) Kukhomerera kocheperako m'mimba mwake kapena kutalika kwa mbali ya dzenje lalikulu

Kukhomerera kuyenera kuchepetsedwa ndi mphamvu ya nkhonya, ndikukula kwa nkhonya sikuyenera kukhala kochepa kwambiri, apo ayi nkhonya idzawonongeka mosavuta.Kukhomerera kocheperako ndi kutalika kwa mbali kumawonetsedwa patebulo.

* t ndi makulidwe azinthu, kukula kochepa kwa nkhonya nthawi zambiri sikuchepera 0.3mm.

2) Kukhomerera notch mfundo

Kukhomerera mphako kuyenera kuyesa kupewa ngodya zakuthwa, monga zikuwonekera pachithunzichi.Fomu yoloza ndi yosavuta kufupikitsa moyo wautumiki wa kufa, ndipo ngodya yakuthwa ndiyosavuta kutulutsa ming'alu.Iyenera kusinthidwa kukhala monga momwe tawonetsera pa chithunzi b.

R ≥ 0.5t (t - makulidwe azinthu)

Mkuyu b.

Ngodya zakuthwa ziyenera kupewedwa mu mawonekedwe ndi kuphulika kwa gawo lomwe lakhomeredwa.Pakulumikiza mzere wowongoka kapena wokhotakhota kuti ukhale ndi mgwirizano wozungulira, utali wa arc R ≥ 0.5t.(t ndiye makulidwe a khoma)

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